What is melanin and its role in tanning?

Melanin is a pigment produced by specialized skin cells called melanocytes. Its primary function is to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, which helps protect the skin from potential damage caused by this radiation. During sun exposure, melanin levels increase, leading to a darker skin tone or "tan." This process serves as a natural defense mechanism, as the increased melanin production aids in shielding the deeper layers of the skin from harmful UV rays that can lead to sunburn and increase the risk of skin cancer. Consequently, the correct understanding of melanin’s role in tanning highlights its importance in both aesthetics and skin protection.